International Order The United States - 1381 Words

To start with, what is international order? International order can be defined as an order in which countries are ranked internationally. These countries are ranked based on their economy and GDP, their Geopolitical zone, hard power (army, navy, air force), soft power (diplomatic means, export, import). As of right now, the United States is ranked as the first country in the international economic order, and following the United States is China. This order is what controls the demand and the supply of the world today, and it also controls the globalization among countries in the world. Also, international order shows the difference between the developing countries, and the developed countries, and it also shows the difference between low economy countries and the countries with very good economies. In my opinion, I will say that the international order can be seen as a means to sort of push developing countries into improving their country’s economy, by increasing their GDP. No country wants to have other countries be really superior to them, so I believe in order for them to try and keep up with the developed countries. There are some threats to international order in the world today, and some of them include; global warming/ climate change, terrorism, failed states, and also the rise of China. I’m going to discuss how these threats affect international order, and which of them is the biggest threat to the international order. To start with, I’m going to talk about theShow MoreRelatedThe United States As Powers Within The International System1691 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the United States remains the world’s lone superpower, it is no longer a hyperpower that can bully potential contenders. The rest of the world is catching up. A change from unipolarity to multipolarity is one could facilitate a return nations struggling for power and prestige through war. While some might say a return to this system could destroy todays relative peace amongst great powers, they are incorrect. A return to multipolarity could show us that several emerging powers will emergeRead MoreLegal Studies Essay- the Role of the Nation State in Achieving World Order.989 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the role of nation states in achieving World Order. World Order is a necessity in modern day society, for if it did not exist we would be faced with international anarchy. A nation state acts individually, therefore meaning that it can either choose to embrace Human Rights and international laws, or ignore them. World Order is known as being the creation of global relationships and maintenance of world peace. It also governs the relationships between nation states and other global participantsRead MoreWhy Do Some States Engage In War? This Has Been A Crucial1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhy do some states engage in war? This has been a crucial question for humanity as well as for many international relations scholars that study the relationship between states and how they coexist in the international context. Throughout history, many influential thinkers have come up with theories to explain the nature of the international system and the behavior of states. Liberal theories such as the democratic peace theory argue that war can be justifiable if it represents the establishment ofRead MoreThe Promotion Of The Westphalian System At The Core Of1683 Words   |  7 Pagesof the United States foreign policy is not possible with the challenge of global governance (Sarkar, p. 2). If the United States continues to promote unipolarity through the promotion of the Westphalian order, opposing major powers will being to work together to weaken the hegemon because they have a mutual interest to de-thrown the United States. Instead of promoting the Westphalian order (i.e. unipolarity) at the core of foreign policy the United States should promote a multipolar order by wayRead MoreEssay about President Bush And Us Foreign Policy1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States election in 2000 raised a debate between democrat and republican and in the end the American people chose a new leader Mr. George w. Bush. President Bush clearly defined foreign policy objectives and goals. I have seen and hear our dear President Bush foreign policy after September 11. Following this, Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He claims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. LikewiseRead MoreInternational Students Essay example1074 Words   |  5 PagesDifferences between American Students and International Students Most young people believe that studying in a different country is a privilege because they are able to experience other cultures, and learn from them. However, in the United States it is not as good as they thought because International students have much more pressure being in this country, and sometimes they cannot handle it very well. Therefore, in the United States the life of an international student is very unfavorable if peopleRead MoreEssay about The United States and The International Criminal Court1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe International Criminal Court (ICC), created in 1998 (Thayer and Ibryamova 2010), is responsible for investigating and prosecuting the most extreme cases, including crimes against humanity, aggressive crimes, war crimes, and genocide. The credibility of this institution, however, has been compromised due to the United States revocation of support and membership. Initially it is important to recognize the arguments against the United States becoming a member state of the ICC and what precipitatedRead MoreInternational Law Threatens Western Countries1262 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing attention to varieties of international crime, comparative criminology becomes a major field in criminology and criminal justice (Bennett, 2004:2). Comparative criminology is important for the designation and implementation of international policies and preventive measures on international crime; hence there are a rising amount of studies regarding crime and control on a cross-national level. Therefore, in this essay, how do violations of international laws present a direct threat to WesternRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Kagan s Article The Importance Of U.s. Military1050 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the world and upholding the international system. He fears that these defense budget reductions will lead to U.S. forced to cede power over to other countries due to the reduction of the U.S.’s ability to provide security. Kagan uses concepts fro m realism and idealism within his article to persuade his audience to persuade his audience that cutting the defense budget is a terrible idea. Kagan uses idealist concepts such as international order and soft power in his article. He exploresRead MoreThe Goal Of Studying International Politics1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe goal of studying international politics is to create generalizable conclusions about the relationships at the international level. That is, there is a scientific method used to understand how the world works. The three main methods for understanding how the world works are realism, liberalism, and constructivism. The purpose of this paper is to explain the components of the main theories and apply them to the relationship between Taiwan and China, and the likelihood, or lack thereof, of another

Essay about How the Tribe Changes in Things Fall Apart by...

Things fall apart by Chinua Achebe like any other novel has its changes and progressions. When the novel first starts out it talks about Unoka. Then it goes to his son Okonokwo who is the main character and who the book is mainly about. It then talks about Nwoye who is the son of Okonokwo. Another is Ikemefuna who has to live in this village because of a crime who his father commits. It shows how much the tribe changes during these years and how it affects the lives of these four men. First it starts out with Unoka. Their tribe is untouched by any outsiders and they live their life according to their rules and beliefs. He is not a great man in their tribe. He is thought of as a woman because he has no titles and lazy and owes many debts.†¦show more content†¦When he comes back after his exile he finds that his tribe is changing. The white missionaries have come to convert them to Christianity. He believes that they should fight and remove them from their village, but the oth ers do not think that it would be a good idea. He says that his village has turned into a bunch of women and he then hangs himself. Okonokwo’s son Nwoye is very different than what he hoped. He was the oldest son therefore he was to be his heir so he tried to make him more like himself. His son was lazy like his father and for this he made him work harder. He didn’t want his son to be a failure like his father was. When they had a boy named Ikemefuna he was a hostage and was to live with Okonokwo and his first wife. He had a lot of influence over Nwoye and for this Okonokwo was happy, but did not show it. Nwoye looked up to him as a role model and wasn’t as lazy anymore. When the white missionaries came he listened to them and thought that they were right and against his father’s wishes he joined them. Okonokwo was very embarrassed that his son did this. Ikemefuna was not of this village. He was taken from his family to live with Okonokwo for a crime that his father had committed; he is also unaware of this. In the noel he talks about how he misses his mother and his village, but he e njoys his new life with Okonokwo. He stays with him for three years until the elders decided that he had to die. Even though he was told that heShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreA Civilization Falls Apart Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesMost of what we know to be African Literature, talks about the changes from an un-dignified lion-chasing culture to that of a semi-dignified European society. The novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian-born author Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a Umuofian villager named Okonkwo, and how Okonkwo has to come to grips with the changes that are happening in everyday Ibo life. The novel Things Fall Apart is not your typical tall African tale. The novel is a story, a story not just about one personRead MoreWhy Things Fell Apart Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pagesbook, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the setting of the story is the Igbo tribe in Niger, which is located in southeastern Africa. There is a s trong social and economical structure with the Igbo people. The villages have a solid set of traditional beliefs that they live their lives by, without stray of that tradition. The introduction of Christianity to the tribes brought changes to the social and religious lives of the villages. The novel provides a glimpse into the changes of how the colonialistRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words   |  7 Pages In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he has receivedR ead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1595 Words   |  7 PagesColleen ODonnell ENG 290 Professor Mann 7 December 2015 TITLE In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventorRead More Power of Women in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesPower of Women in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart       The novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a commanding account about the rise and fall of an African tribe. The powerful narrative depicts the life and customs of the people and how they change through the years. Theere are many different ideas and characters that are preseneted throughout the novel. The depiction of women is one aspect that is of extreme relevance. It can be shown through several passages in the novel that the womenRead MoreThe Power of Fear in Things Fall Apart Essays1039 Words   |  5 Pages The Power of Fear in Things Fall Apart In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the theme of the power of fear is presented throughout the whole book and is mainly expressed in the main character, Okonkwo. Okonkwo strives all of his life to become a stronger, more powerful, and a successful individual. He wants to do this because his father was a slack and lazy person who lived most of his life in debt and had no titles to his name. People often looked at his father as a women figureRead MoreA Study on the Author, Chinua Achebe 1467 Words   |  6 Pages A STUDY OF THE AUTHOR, CHINUA ACHEBE Chinua Achebe was born unto a Nigerian parents in Nigeria on November 16, 1930. He was from a family that born six kids; he being the fifth among them. Chinua Achebe’s parents were Isaiah Okafor Achebe and Janet Achebe. He begin an English at eight in Ogidi, Nigeria. Encouraged by his father, he was excited to learned English quickly. His father Isaiah Achebe was one of the first that converted from their religion to Christianity and he also foundedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1410 Words   |  6 Pages24, 2017 Things Fall Apart In 1958, Chinua Achebe a famous Nigerian author publishes one of his most famous novels Things Fall Apart. The novel takes place in a Nigerian village called Umuofia. During the time that this novel is published Nigeria is being criticized by the Europeans for being uncivilized. In response, Achebe uses his brilliance in this novel to express the valued history of his people to his audience. His focus in the novel is on the pre-colonized people of the Igbo tribe and theirRead MoreChinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe classic African literary tale Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe, is a brilliant account of historical African culture and the destruction colonialism can cause upon such cultures. As the reader follows the narrative and complexity of the characters through the novel, a sense of pride, trust, and faith in history emerges. Yet, with the introduction of colonialism the characters must learn to embrace and adapt to a new cul ture and set of beliefs or face termination from society. The

Training and Professional Development Free Essays

string(64) " details regarding planning objectives and methods of training\." Answer CASE STUDY : 1 A policy is a plan of action. It is a statement of intention committing the management to a general course of action. When the management drafts a policy statement to cover some features of its personnel programmes, the statement may often contain an expression of philosophy and principle as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Training and Professional Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although it is perfectly legitimate for an organization to include its philosophy, principles and policy in one policy expression. Q1) Why organizations adopt personnel policies explain the benefits? Recruitment and Selection Policies pertaining to the recruitment and selection process are the foundation of building any workforce. You must have a plan for creating applications, how to prequalify applicants, how applicants move up to become a candidate and other employment procedures. This set of policies also benefits current employees who refer applicants to your business. Training and Professional Development †¢ Provisions for employee training and development are included in human resource policy documents because it informs employees of the kind of professional development available to them. In addition, policies related to training and development assistance in the formulation of employee development plans or performance improvement plans. Training and development policies serve as an outline of educational benefits available to current employees. Handling Employee Concerns †¢ Many companies have written procedures for handling employee complaints, whether they are internal, informal complaints or allegations made about the employer to enforcement agencies. The benefit of this policy is to document your company’s commitment to nondiscriminatory practices and how such complaints are resolved. These policies also benefit employees because they provide important information about workplace communication in the event an employee is unsure of who she contacts to discuss any concerns or problems. Workplace Safety †¢ In a time when more than worker safety in the performance of her job is the primary issue addressed in safety policies, employers distribute policies that address matters such as workplace violence. These types of policies are generally discussed in detail with employee groups; an emergency evacuation policy isn’t effective if you don’t discuss it until the emergency happens. Another benefit to having a human resources safety policy is adherence to federal and state guidelines for workplace safety. Organizational Structure †¢ An introduction to the human resources policy manual explains the organizational structure, what departments fulfill which expectations and company leadership. In the introductory section, many employers also explain the company philosophy as it is related to customer service, co-workers, leadership and business ethics. Ethics statements are extremely popular, especially in a world where social responsibility is observed by so much of the population. This section of a human resources policy manual may also state the company’s compliance with federal, state and local anti-discrimination laws. Employment Rules †¢ Employees are accustomed to learning specific workplace rules such as dress code, discipline procedures, parking, attendance and working hours, holidays, employee benefits and payroll dates. The human resources policy on these issues is easy accessed by employees who have questions, or reviewed by new employees eager to learn more about their new employer. The benefit is that you have a written commitment to employees about the operation of the business. ============================================== Q2) What are the sources and content of personnel policies? PERSONNEL POLICY †¢ Personnel policies constitute guide to action. They furnish the general standards or basis on which decisions are reached. †¢ A policy is man-made rule or predetermined course of action that is established to guide the performance of work towards the organization. It is a type of standing plan that serves to guide subordinates in the execution of their work————- Edwin B. Flippo. †¢ Policies include that body of understanding which makes the action of each member of group in a given set of circumstances more predictable to other members. ——–Haynes and Massie. †¢ Policies are general statement or understanding which guide or channel thinking in decision making of subordinates. ——Koontz and O’Donnell. †¢ Personnel policies are statements of objectives for the guidance of management in its relations with employees. ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND SOURCES OF PERSONNEL POLICIES Policies stem from a wide variety of places and people. They are not created in a vacuum but are based on a few principal sources, which determine the content and meaning of policies. These are: †¢ The past experience of the organization. †¢ The prevailing practices. †¢ The attitude, ideals and philosophy of the board of directors. †¢ The knowledge and experience gained from handling personnel problems. †¢ Employees’ suggestions and complaints. †¢ Collective bargaining programme. State and national legislations. †¢ Changes in the country’s economy. †¢ International forces. †¢ Culture of the plant. †¢ The extent of unionism. †¢ The attitudes and social values of labour. †¢ The goals of the organization. †¢ The ethical points of view or the social responsibility. OBJECTIVES OF PERSONNEL POLICY †¢ Attention on objectives of the organization. †¢ M aximum individual development and satisfaction. †¢ Maximum use of resources. †¢ Offsetting uncertainty and change. †¢ Good industrial relations. †¢ Better control. Morale. †¢ Consistent treatment. †¢ Continuity of practice. CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONNEL POLICY 1. A personnel policy is formulated in the context of organizational objectives. 2. A policy may be in written or it has to be interpreted from the behaviour of organizational members particularly people at top. 3. A policy is formulated through the various steps in the decision making process. 4. It provides guidelines. 5. Policy formulation is a function of all managers, however top management has important role in policy making. 6. Policy statement should be positive, clear and easily understood by everyone. 7. It provides two-way communication. 8. It should be balanced and maintain consistency. PRINCIPLE OF PERSONNEL POLICY ? Principle of common interest ? Principle of development ? Principle of recognition of work ? Principle of recognition of trade unions ? Principle of participation ? Principle of change STEPS IN POLICY ? Initiating the needs ? Fact – findings ? Putting the policy in writing ? Communicating the policy ? Evaluating the policy. CONTENTS OF PERSONEL POLICY Name of the company. †¢ Procedure and techniques of recruitment and selection. †¢ Organizational relationship—allocation of work authorities and responsibilities. †¢ Working conditions. †¢ Training and development— full details regarding planning objectives and methods of training. You read "Training and Professional Development" in category "Essay examples" †¢ Procedure of handling the grievance s. †¢ Rules and regulations. †¢ Joint consultation. †¢ Line of authority. †¢ Collective bargaining. †¢ Industrial relations. †¢ Health and safety. †¢ Welfare. †¢ Wages and salaries. Q3) Explain few personnel policies? MAIN POLICY STATEMENTS 1. Employment Policy———-to obtain suitable qualified and experienced personnel and to enable them to derive satisfaction from employment by offering them attractive wages, good working conditions, security and opportunities for promotions. 2. Training policy——-to provide adequate training facilities to enable employees to learn to do their job effectively and to prepare themselves for promotions. 3. Wage and salary policy—–to pay wages and salaries that compare favourably with those of other firms locally within a structure that has due regards for recognized differentials and individual ability. 4. Industrial relation policy—–to operate adequate procedures for dealing with disputes and grievances quickly and make every effort to improve relations between management and employees through the use of participative method. 5. Welfare policy—–to safeguard the health and safety of all employees and to provide such welfare and social activities as are sincerely desired by employees and are mutually beneficial to them and company. Q4) Explain principles of personnel policies? Principles of personnel policy Management Management for us means assuming responsibility for our stakeholders and delegating at the right level. We achieve both predefined and individual goals regardless of personal preferences and while maintaining equal opportunities, irrespective of origin, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, religion or age. Managers challenge and motivate, in the same way as they themselves are challenged and motivated. Employment plan The employment plan is discussed annually by the Board of Directors as part of the budget meet-ing. In principle, we want to avoid any labour reserves. We cover peak times using interdepartmen-tal support, overtime or temporary employees. Staff development We demand a high level of commitment and qualifications. We encourage the development of technical and social skills through training and further education. Because we invest a lot in our employees, we strive to maintain long-term employment relationships. We support young people by offering apprenticeships and/or internships. Social aspects We offer progressive working conditions and competitive employee benefits. We also provide as-sistance for employees who use public transport and help with health insurance provisions. Smok-ing is only permitted in designated areas. Salaries Our system ensures that our salaries are competitive, gender-neutral and meet requirements. The basic salary is the main component of the salary. In addition there is a variable component which is dependent on the extent to which individually agreed targets are achieved and on the operating performance of the company as a whole. More details are available in the Employment Regulations. Job structure We offer a practical infrastructure with modern, if not fashionable, working tools. Depending on the position, we are open to flexible working hours. Information, communication and behaviour Regarding information and communication, we practice the principle of reciprocity: actively com-municate information and actively obtain information. We behave in a respectful, loyal, open and honest manner, and act with integrity. We complete our tasks with dedication and to the best of our knowledge. Working environment We work in an environment of mutual trust. We hold joint events to build team spirit and mutual understanding. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ CASE STUDY : 2 Recruitment is understood as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs, from among whom the rights people can be selected. Theoretically, recruitment process is said to end with the receipt of applications, in practice the activity extends to the screening of applications so as to eliminate those who are not qualified for the job. Recruitment refers to the process of receipt of applications from job seekers. In reality, the term is used to describe the entire process of employee hiring. These are recruitment boards for railways, banks and other organization. Q1) Explain in detail the general purpose of recruitment? recruitment provides a desirable number of candidates for an organization’s open positions. Recruitment also manages the costs in time and money for hiring employees. Recruitment enables the organization to meet social and legal obligations. By sourcing, developing and recruiting candidates, recruitment facilitates the organization’s hiring process. The recruitment process is one of the most fundamental value added HR Processes. The recruitment is especially critical for managers in the organization. The managers use the recruitment process intensively, and satisfaction with Human Resources is mostly about the satisfaction with the recruitment process. The recruitment process is sensitive to the external and internal changes, and it can be used as the best indicator for the future HR trends. By careful analysis of HR Recruitment Measures, the HR Management team can predict the trends in the job market simply. Main Recruitment Process Goals The recruitment process is designed to staff the organization with the new employees, and it uses many different recruitment sources to attract the right talent in the defined quality and within a defined time. The recruitment process has several goals: †¢ Find the best talents for the vacancies Manage the recruitment sources †¢ Manage the vacancies in the organization †¢ Run the internal recruitment process †¢ Building the strong HR Marketing platform †¢ Co-operation with local and international universities †¢ Provide feedback about the trends in the job market Most recruitment goals are not visible to managers directly, and they use just sourcing of the job candid ates as the main outcome from the recruitment process. HR has to use the other outcomes from the recruitment process as it is the source of valuable information. Finding the best talents on the job market This is the most important goal of the recruitment process. The HR Recruiters are paid for delivering the candidates to managers, who make the final decision about hiring a new employee. The organizations are fighting for the best talents in the job market. HR Recruiters have to develop the competitive approaches to make the attractive job offers. The candidates select the organization, which is recognized for being modern and competitive. The job adverts and job offers have to reflect this. The managers love to hire the best employees available on the job market. They love to interview motivated job candidates. The role of HR is to describe the real need to the manager. Many times, the best job candidate is not the appropriate job candidate. Recruitment Sources Management The recruitment sources management is an extremely significant goal of the recruitment process. The recruitment sources deliver the candidates for the selection procedure in the organization. The better the candidates are; the higher quality job candidates can be hired. The proper management of the recruitment sources has a significant impact on the competitive advantage of the organization. The better employees do not have to be more expensive, but the organization has to manage the recruitment sources to attract the high quality job candidates. Building the Strong Internal Recruitment Process The external recruitment is not the only goal of the recruitment process. Building the strong internal recruitment helps the organization to keep the best talents in the organization. The employees have a chance to apply for a new job position, and they can change their career path. The internal recruitment is a difficult HR topic as the managers have to allow their best employees to take a new role within the organization. The role of Human Resources is in allowing the best employees to rotate and in supporting the managers in developing the successors. HR Marketing The HR Marketing is essential for the large organization, which need to attract many job candidates. The large organization cannot hire just the experts; they have to attract many university graduates. The graduates do select the employer by the strength of the brand name on the job market and offered opportunities in the organization. The HR has to design the recruitment activities, which support the name of the employer on the job market. The organization has to build a positive brand name, and it has to promote the job opportunities and excellent career paths. ========================= Q2) Explain factors governing Recruitment? Factors Governing Recruitment: Given its key role and external visibility, recruitment isnaturally subject to influence of several factors. These include external andinternal forces. External Forces: Of particular importance is the supply and demand of specific skills in the labour market. If the demand for a particular skill ishigh relative to the supply, an extraordinary recruiting effort may be needed. When the unemployment rate in a given area is high the companies’recruitment process may be simpler. The number of unsolicited applicantsis usually greater, and the increased size of the labour pool provides betteropportunities for attracting qualified applicants. On the other hand, as theunemployment rates drops recruiting efforts must be increased and newsources explored. Labour-market conditions in a local area are of primary importance inrecruiting for most non-managerial, supervisory and middle-mgt. positions. However, so far as recruitment for executive and professional positions areconcerned conditions of all India market are important. Another external factor is political and legal considerations. Reservation of jobs for SCs, STs, minorities, and other backward classes(OBCs) is a political decision. The companies’ image also matters inattracting large number of job seekers. Blue-chip companies’ attract largenumber of applications. Often, it is not the money that is important. It is theperception of the job seekers about the company that matters in attractingqualified prospective employees. Internal Factors: There are certain internal forces which deserveconsideration while recruiting personnel. One such internal factor is the recruiting policy of the organization. Most organizations have a policy onrecruiting internally (from own employees) or externally (from outside theorganization). Generally, the policy is to prefer internal sourcing, as own employees know the company well and can recommend candidates who fitthe organizations culture. Another related policy is to have temporary and part-time employees. An organization hiring temporary and part-time employees is in a less advantageous position in attracting sufficient applications. MNCs operating in our country prefer local citizens as they can understand local languages, customs and business practices well. A major internal factor that can determine the success of therecruiting programme is whether or not the company engages in HRP. Effective HRP greatly facilitates the recruiting efforts. Size is another internal factor having its influence on the recruitmentprocess. An organization with one hundred thousand employee will findrecruiting less problematic than an organization with just one hundredemployees. Cost of recruiting is yet another internal factor that has to beconsidered. Recruiting cost are calculated per new higher and fig. isconsiderable now-a-days. Recruiters must, therefore, operate withinbudgets. Careful HRP and forethought by recruiters can minimizerecruitment costs. One cost-saving measure, for instance, is recruiting formultiple job openings simultaneously. The best solution is to use proactivepersonnel practices to reduce employee turnovers, thus, minimizing theneed for recruiting. Evaluating the quality, quantity and cost of recruitmenthelps ensure that it is efficient and cost-effective. Finally, an organization registering growth and expansion will havemore recruiting on hand than the one which finds its fortunes declining. Q3) Explain the Recruitment process with diagram? AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESS ———————————————————————————– PROCESS ELEMENTS FOR ALL POSITIONS ——————————————–! ————! ———————- STEP 1 PREPARING JOB ANALYSES PREPARING JOB DESC ——â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- STEP 2 PREPARING JOB SPECS ———————————————————————————– STEP 3 DECIDING TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT [ MEETS ALL GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS] ———————————————————————————— STEP 4 ADVERTISING COPY/MEDIA PLAN] except for senior positions [ head hunting] [ MUST REFLECT TRUTH, NO FALSE INFORMATION, NO GENDER BIAS, NO DISCRIMINATION,NO AGE BAR, ETC] ————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ STEP 5 INTERNAL APPLICANT EXTERNAL APPLICANT except for tech [ outsourcing ] ONLINE APPLICANT and senior positions [ head hunting] ————————————————————————————————————————————– STEP 6 SIFTING APPLICATIONS ———————————————————————————————————– STEP 7 PERSONAL INTERVIEW -INDIVIDUAL PER TO PER —————————————————————————— —————– STEP 8 -PANEL INTERVIEW ——————————————————————————————————- STEP 9 -SELECTION BOARD only for senior positions ————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- STEP 10 TESTING [ BEHAVIORAL] -PSYCHOLOGICAL procedural element for all positions except senior position -PERSONALITY procedural element for all positions except senior position -ABILITY procedural element for all positions except senior position -APTITUDE procedural element for all positions except senior position -PSYCHOMETRIC procedural element for all positions ———————————————————————————————————————————— STEP 11 TESTING [ TECHNICAL ] only for tech. positions ———————————————————————————————————————————— STEP 12 ASSESSMENT CENTRE only for senior positions -POTENTIAL ———————————————————————————————————————————– STEP 13 OBTAINING REFERENCE procedural element for all positions ——————————————†”————————————————————————————- STEP 14 CHECKING REFERENCE procedural element for all positions ————————————————————————————————- STEP 15 MAKING DECISION procedural element for all positions [ NO DISCRIMINATION, NO COLOR BAR, NO SEX DISCRIMINATION, PURELY ON MERIT ] ———————————————————————————————— STEP 16 OFFERING EMPLOYMENT procedural element for all positions ————————————————————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- STEP 17 PREPARING EMPLOYMENT procedural element for all positions LETTER ———————————————————————————————————————————– STEP 18 -HR sends out letters to the unsuccessful candidates. ————————————————————————————— STEP 19 -HR CHECKS REFERENCES. [ ABIDE BY LAW ] ————————————————————————————— STEP 20 -HR SENDS OUT OFFER LETTERS TO SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES. —————————————————————————————- STEP 21 -THE LINE MANAGERS / AGREE TO THE START DATE AND INDUCTION PROGRAMME. ——————————————————————————– STEP 22 PERSONAL FILE CREATION -HR CREATES †PERSONAL FILE †. ——————————————————————————— STEP 23 HANDOVER TO HR / ADMINISTRATION -THE LINE MANAGER HANDS OVER THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PAYROLL ADMIN AND INDUCTION TO HR. ———————————————————————————- STEP 24 -HR PREPARES WELCOME PACK / EMPLOYEE MANUAL. —————————————————————————————— STEP 25 ARCHIVING OF APPOINTMENT FILES. -HR ARCHIVES SELECTED CANDIDATES FILE. -HR DESTROYS UNSUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FILES AFTER 6 MONTHS. [ BY LAW, ALL OLD FILES MUST BE DESTROYED ] ======================================================= ========================================================== Q4) Explain Recruitment planning? Recruitment is the process used by an organization to locate and attract job applicants in order to fill a position. An effective approach to recruitment can help a company successfully compete for limited human resources. To maximize competitive advantage, a company must choose the recruiting method that produces the best pool of candidates quickly and cost effectively. There are five steps to the process. STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE JOB OPENING This step would appear to be an easy one-just wait until an employee turns in a notice of resignation. Many job openings are, in fact, identified in this way. A major problem with this approach is that it may take the company a long time to fill the opening. For instance, it usually takes six to eight weeks to notify and screen applicants, and a week or more to make a decision regarding a job offer. After the decision is made, the selected candidate must give notice (usually about two weeks) to his or her previous employer. Thus, the job in question is likely to remain vacant for months, even if the process runs smoothly. Ideally, organizations should attempt to identify job openings well in advance of an announced resignation. The HRM department should plan for future openings in both the short and long term. The projection of future openings provides organizations with the time needed to plan and implement recruitment strategies so that they do not fall prey to the â€Å"must-hire-by-last-week† syndrome. The HR plan should answer at least the following questions: †¢ Are any newly budgeted positions opening soon? †¢ Is a contract under negotiation that may result in the need for additional hires? †¢ What is the amount of expected turnover in the next several months? STEP 2: DECIDE HOW TO FILL THE JOB OPENING The first question to ask after determining that an opening exists is â€Å"Do we need to find a new person to fill the vacant position? † Sometimes it is unnecessary to staff a vacant position because the firm can rely on other alternatives. For instance, it may be more prudent to provide overtime opportunities to current workers to complete the needed work. Other alternatives include job elimination and job redesign (i. e. , incorporating the tasks of the vacant position into currently existing positions). If the firm chooses to fill the vacancy, it must address two issues: (1) whether to outsource, and (2) in the absence of outsourcing, whether to recruit candidates internally or externally. STEP 3: IDENTIFY THE TARGET POPULATION Now the organization must determine what types of individuals it is looking for to fill the vacant positions. To address this question, an organization must define its target population. Two issues arise here: (1) specifying worker requirements and (2) deciding whether to target a certain segment of the applicant population. An organization must identify specific requirements of the job: the duties, reporting relationships, salary range for hiring, and competencies required of a new worker (e. g. , education, experience, knowledge, skills, and abilities). Ideally, much of this information will have been gathered during a job analysis and thus be contained in the job description. If not, the recruiter should gather it from the hiring manager. An organization must also decide at this point whether to target all qualified applicants or to focus its recruitment efforts on certain segments of the qualified applicant population. When recruiting internally, the issue is this: Should the company post the job so that all qualified employees can be considered? Or should the company select certain high-potential employees and groom them for the position? When recruiting externally, the company must decide whether to inform all potential applicants or target certain types. Companies may reap advantages when they target members of certain groups. Another strategy is to target graduates of specific schools that have exceptionally strong programs in the functional areas of concern. Additionally, some companies target top-performing employees working for other companies. Recruitment of such individuals poses some unique problems, however; these individuals may be difficult to reach because they are not actively seeking a new job. Moreover, the practice of pirating employees from other firms raises some serious ethical questions. STEP 4: NOTIFY THE TARGET POPULATION Once an applicant population has been targeted, the company must determine how to notify these individuals of the vacant position. A variety of recruitment methods may be used for communicating vacancies. A firm can benefit from both low-involvement and high-involvement strategies at this stage of the recruitment process. Low-involvement strategies are things such as corporate sponsorship or advertisements of the company’s product or service may influence applicants’ positive perceptions of that firm and therefore increase applicant attraction, but do not specifically identify a job opening. High-involvement recruitment strategies involve things such as detailed recruitment advertisements or employee endorsements, which occur hen potential applicants meet with current employees to hear more about their experiences with that company. Both low-involvement and high-involvement strategies have a positive effect on the number of applicants who apply for jobs with an organization and on the quality of the applicants who apply. When choosing a specific way to notify the target population, different recruitment methods may be used. Some popular options are internal job postings; newspaper, radio, and television advertisements; trade magazine advertisements; Internet job sites; college campus interviews; and current employee referrals. The choice of which to use depends on the number of positions to be filled, the cost of each recruitment method, the characteristics of the target audience, and economic conditions. The more positions to be filled, the more widely the firm may choose to advertise, perhaps using a newspaper or radio advertisement. Costs differ for recruitment methods and a firm may be willing to invest more in recruitment when suitable applicants are difficult to find or when poor hiring decisions may be costly. The characteristics of the target audience influence recruitment method; for example, using an Internet posting would be fruitless if most of the applicant pool is unlikely to have access to a computer. Poor economic conditions, where unemployment is high, will result in higher numbers of job applicants and possibly a lower average level of quality of applicants. In this situation, to avoid spending an inordinate amount of time weeding through applications, firms must discourage all but the best applicants from applying. STEP 5: MEET WITH THE CANDIDATES Finally, the most qualified candidates are brought in for interviews and other assessment procedures. These serve both selection and recruitment purposes. From a selection perspective, they give the firm a chance to further assess the candidates’ qualifications. From a recruitment perspective, they provide the candidates with an opportunity to learn more about the employment opportunity. Candidates should be provided with information about the company and the job. Failure to provide a sufficient amount of information could be detrimental to the recruiting process. For example, it may be interpreted by the candidates as an attempt to evade discussion of unattractive job attributes, or it may be viewed as an indication of the recruiter’s disinterest in them. Without specific information, applicants might accept a job offer without knowing about aspects of it that might affect their long-term job satisfaction, or they may refuse an offer without knowing about some of the job’s attractive attributes. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ CASE STUDY : 3 Navin AGM materials, is fuming and fretting. He bumped into Kiran, GM Materials, threw the resignation letter on his table, shouted and walked out of the room swiftly. Navin has reason for his sudden outburst. He has been driven to the wall. Perhaps details of the story will tell the reasons for Navin’s bile and why he put in his papers, barely four months after he took up his assignment. The year was 2005 when Navin quit the prestigious Sail plant at Mumbai. As a manager material Navin enjoyed the power. He could even place an order for materials worth Rs 25 lakh. He needed nobody’s prior approval. Navin joined a pulp making plant located at Pune as AGM Materials. The plant is owned by a prestigious business house in India. Obviously perks, designation and reputation of the conglomerate lured Navin away from the public sector. When he joined the pulp making company, little did Navin realize that he needed prior approval to place an order for materials worth Rs 12 lakhs. He had presumed that he had the authority to place an order by himself worth half the amount of what he used to do at the mega steel maker. He placed the order material arrived, were recived, accepted and used up in the plant. Trouble started when the bill for Rs 12 lakh came from vendor. The accounts department withheld payment for the reason that the bill was not endorsed by Kiran. Kiran rused to sign the bill as his approval was not taken by Navin before placing the order. Navin felt fumigated and cheated. A brief encounter with Kiran only aggrarated the problem. Navin was curtly told that he should have known company rules before venturing. Navin decided to quit the company. Q1) Does the company have an orientation programme? It does’nt look like the company has an orientation programme or it is inaffective. —————————————- Q2) If yes how effective is it? It is not as effective, as it should be. —————————————– Q3) How is formal Orientation programme conducted? The orientation process has three stages: 1 A general orientation 2 A departmental orientation, and 3 A specific job orientation They are conducted by different parties. The General Orientation is usually manage d by either the Training Department or the Human Resources Department, with the Departmental Orientation by the Department Head or first Assistant, while the specific Job Orientation can be carried out by an experienced and trained employee (trained on how to train). These guidelines are intended for people conducting the General Orientation: A general rule of thumb for having the audience interested in the general orientation is to 1 Make them feel at ease (open circle). 2 Make sure that they had enough time to read the employee manual ahead of orientation time. 3 Spend a good portion of the introduction time towards self-introductions, spiced with open questions. 4 Get them to know who Management is: have a big chart in the orientation/training room which depicts how the organisation is set up, with photos of the management team ext to their title. 5 Get them acquainted with the operation: have another large chart in the room depicting the flow of work and communications regarding the organization; this flow should include customers, suppliers and all parties affecting the organisation (I had just planned such a chart for the hotel where I dealt with Training and Development, wrote it out in text, had an artist depict it with cartoon characters on a big white chart, making it educational but humorous – after all this was a hotel. Maybe in a technical company humour is not allowed. I explained it to the artist and we showed how each job position affected the final product since the customer’s / guest’s first contact with the operation and ending with the last contact. 6 Have them know and see departments in operation: based on this drawing I conducted the orientation and explained all functions of the hotel, promising a personal tour of all the departments we discussed, including back areas, where the Department Heads received us personally and gave further insight on their departments. Allay their fears and doubts: cover subjects which are usually never mentioned in orientations, such as the difficulties new employees or supervisors experience, about turnover figures, about how people assimilate better after hanging out three months, about how they can turn to you for any difficulties they experience, be it regarding their rejection by existing old-timers or other matters. Let them know they can always turn to you for confidential advice (do not forget that any new person has fears and doubts regarding being accepted, succeeding or failing). Encourage friendships among new employees: try to create a team spirit among the existing group of newcomers – by the end of the day or the two days you will have created a group of employees at different levels and from different departments who will cooperate and enhance communications across the organisation. 9 Extend respect to them as human beings: have lunch with them as a group (I saw too many people who conduct orientations go to a different lunch room and this is very insulting). 0 Enable first hand contact with upper management: have different Executives come to welcome the group and assure them of management’s commitment to help them succeed. Introduce each of the newcomers, dwell on their position, career background and personal interests. 11 Assure them that the organisation welcomes their observations, comments, and critiques. 12 Last but not least, share com pany goals with them. Discuss it with them. Ask what their own personal and career goals are and try to (right there and then) mesh their own goals with the company goals. This strategy (action plan) has proven to be highly successful. It cuts down on turnover drastically, engenders trust, cooperation and motivation. Although these sessions should be welcoming, orientations for new employees should also be more than a feel-good gesture. They should also be more than an instructional session that provides essential human resources, benefits, and payroll information for new employees. The most effective orientations help new employees understand what will be expected of them and prepare them for the organization’s work culture. Orient the expectations of new employees Managing expectations has long been a mantra of salespeople, account executives, and others whose responsibilities are focused primarily outside the organization. Expectation management falls on human resources managers as well. Managing expectations can start as early as during new-employee orientations. In new-employee orientations, the HR manager is essentially bringing new employees’ expectations in line with the organization’s expectations. Accurately aligning these sets of expectations in the first weeks of employment helps employees become productive more quickly and ensures that they enjoy greater job satisfaction throughout their tenures. Some studies suggest that well-executed new-employee orientations can also: 1 Lengthen the time that employees stay with a company. 2 Enhance staff cooperation and communication. 3 Improve client-customer relations because staff members have better work attitudes. Communicate the organization’s big picture Where is your organization going? Even if your company has not made a formal strategic planning document, it has communicated some important long-term goals. Too often, however, these goals aren’t shared with new employees whose efforts help determine whether the organization’s goals are met. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that employees, even entire departments, sometimes operate under disparate assumptions about the company’s priorities and objectives. All new employees, from entry-level staff members to senior executives, should view themselves as members of an organization-wide team working toward a defined and united goal. Certainly new employees need to understand their specific roles, but first they need to understand the big-picture objectives of the organization, including objectives such as: 1 Is the organization striving to be an industry innovator? 2 Is the organization working to develop an international presence? Whatever the objectives, new employees should be given a brief introduction to your organization’s goals. If you can, provide a copy of your annual report or a company brochure that explains your organization’s goals. With a bigger-picture perspective, employees are better equipped to understand their specific role as it relates to long-term objectives. Describe the unspoken company culture Company culture can’t be fully captured in job descriptions or employee manuals, because culture is both explicit and unspoken. Most employees determine what behaviors are acceptable as the organization evolves. However, an effective orientation can help new employees transition more easily into the unique culture of your organization. Even in highly conventional corporate cultures, it’s preferable to share the unspoken aspects of company culture to ensure that all new employees understand their work environments. Don’t make the mistake of assuming that cultural nuances are obvious or that new employees will raise questions if they’re unsure about what to wear or when to arrive at work. Some unspoken aspects of company culture to share are: 1 Dress code What’s the norm for the dress code? 2 Internal communication Is vertical communication encouraged or frowned upon? 3 Phone etiquette Do employees routinely forward their phone calls to voice mail? Parking Are there any unspoken rules about where employees can park? 5 Lunch Do most employees eat in or out? Are there good places to eat nearby? 6 Work hours Are work hours fixed or flexible? 7 Extracurricular activities Are there groups of employees that get together outside work? 8 Attitudes Are work teams more cooperative or more competitiv e? Share the routine details As a seasoned HR professional, you probably already use a comprehensive checklist to ensure that new employees receive and complete all required documentation, from W-4 forms to insurance forms to e-mail account requests. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of this paperwork can eclipse the routine information that new employees need on their very first day. To help new employees get started, be sure that they know: 1 The layout of your office or campus A tour is preferable, but at the very least provide a user-friendly map. 2 The location of the restrooms Inform them of the locations of restrooms near their work areas. 3 Names and contact information of two coworkers Give them the contact information of two coworkers in their department, besides their immediate supervisor or hiring manager. Outline the employee’s specific role The best way for new employees to become productive quickly is by immersing themselves in their new positions. Immerse new employees in their jobs For positions with formal training, immersion is easy. New employees simply pass from orientation to training, often in the same day. For positions without formal training, role immersion can be more difficult. Too often, supervisors and managers aren’t available when new employees start, so employees are left with little more to do than read the company handbook during their first few days on the job. This can be confusing, especially for new employees who are expecting a challenging, fast-paced environment. Introduce new employees to their jobs The best employee orientations conclude with introductions to each employee’s specific job role. If several employees in a single role have been hired at one time, this introduction can occur in a group setting. Otherwise, new employees should receive one-on-one introductions from their managers or team leaders as part of their orientation. Orient employees for success Starting a new job always involves a learning curve, but effective orientations can help new employees make the transition by equipping them with: 1 An understanding of company goals. 2 An appreciation for the company’s unique culture. 3 Routine information to get started. 4 An introduction to their role within the organization. Employees who are well oriented to the company and to their jobs are ready to begin making a significant contribution. ########################################## Q4) If you were Navin what would have you done? 1. DISCUSS THE PROS/CONS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM AND THE NEED FOR REVISION FOR THE SAKE OF OPERATION EFFICIENY. #################### CASE STUDY : 4 Bitter it may taste, shrill it may sound, and sleepless nights it may cause, but it is true. In a major shake up Airbus. The European aircraft manufacturers has thrown a big shock to its employees. Before coming to the details of the shock, a peep into the company’s resume. Name Airbus Created 1970 President CEO : Vijay M. Employees 57000 Turnover 26 Bn (Euro) Total Aircraft sold (Feb 2007) 7187 Delivered 4598 Headquarters Paris (France) Facilities 16 Rival Boeing Airbus announced on February 27, 2007 that it would shed 10,000 jobs across four European contries and sell six of its unit. N the same day the helpless workers did what was expected of them – downed tools and staged protests. The protesting workers at Airbus’s factory at Meaulte, northern France, were seen picketing outside the factory gate after holding up production a day earlier. To be fair to Airbus, its management entered talks with unions before the job loss and sale was formally announced. But the talks did not mollify the agitated workers. How to cite Training and Professional Development, Essay examples

Pestle analysis of McDonalds Singapore Case Study-Free Samples

Question: Pestle analysis of McDonald's Singapore. Answer: Introduction McDonalds is known for its consistent high quality and the variety of burgers that they provide. But the success of McDonalds did not just happen to be, it began only after years of hard work and an idea of a person. Ray Kroc, a salesman and a man of other talents found the idea of McDonalds when he came to San Bernardino, California for one of his sales job. It was small restaurant owned by two brothers with a limited menu and a very productive system of service, with a high quality because of a limited menu. Ray Kroc had an idea of opening its chains all around U.S. In 1955, Ray Kroc developed the systemic and a consistent method to serve the exactly same high quality food in every restaurant and formed McDonalds System, Inc ("McDonald's - McDonald's", 2016). At present there are around 34,000 restaurants in 118 countries. In the present case study we are focusing our research on McDonalds restaurants in Singapore, which started in 1979. The day McDonalds was opened in Singapore; the day was celebrated as an event as hamburgers were served in a voluminous quantity at Liat Towers. At present there are 120 McDonalds restaurants in Singapore. The principles of Mcdonalds are their aim and objective to maintain their quality, service, cleanliness and value that they always work forward to achieve PEST Analysis of McDonalds Singapore PESTLE analysis is an analysis of an organisation that is based on various factors which includes its Political, economic, environmental and other factors that affect the internal and external environment of a company. The PESTLE analysis of McDonald Singapore is as follows: Political: political factors include the governmental policies and laws and regulations of a country that affect the working of an enterprise in that country. McDonald is affected by the political setups of a country that its where it has established its outlet. The laws relating to tax, health and food safety, laws relating to workers etc affect its internal working. Singapore being a bureaucratic and also a democratic nation (Panakorn, n.d.), its political setup is completely affected by the decisions made by the government which are addressed to the public. Since the kind of food McDonald serves, it has health implications and therefore it has ot adhere to the regulations which it is doing perfectly in Singapore Economic: Singapore is considered to have a wide economic independence, which is extremely stable in nature. The proof of which was can be seen from the situation of economic instability that was witnessed in 2008 by the world, wherein Singapore still had a very stable economy. It has a economic free stats in terms of its economic freedom ("Singapore Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption", 2016). By 2010 Singapore had an economic stability better than that of the worlds best economies like America. With regard to McDonald food industry is growing at an active pace in the economy of Singapore. Singapore being famous for tourism, its hospitality industry is taking advantage of it and therefore food sector I also getting its perks. Social: Food business is highly affected by the local preferences of the people and the tastes that they have. McDonald is very good at creating menus depending upon the tastes of the local people. Singapore being a fast country socially and economically, McDonald provides a quick and easy service to the people and helps maintain the quality of life that people desire. McDonalds maintains the preferences of the local people as well as the tourists as its a country that attracts a lot of tourists every year. McDonald has been very successful in establishing itself in the socio-cultural environment of Singapore as it has done in various other countries. Technological: Singapore remains updated with the latest technologies; in fact it is a highly developed island in terms of technology and so does McDonald. McDonald has had an aim of establishing quality and a systemic production technique to provide same quality of food all around. McDonald has been keen in using latest technology to maintain its production and service quality which is the sae all around the world. It also uses technology in terms o fits distribution and marketing through Telecommunication methods along with its advertisements through hoardings and pamphlets. It has also adapted to the technological advancements through internet, as it provides various facilities of distribution and marketing online and maintains the same quality of service. Legal: the legal factors that affect McDonalds are similar to that of the political factors. Legal includes the laws that are prevalent in the country, that affect the working of an organisation. Singapore has strict health laws that affect the fast food business, as fast food has various health implications, especially on children and could lead to obesity and other health related problems. Even the labour laws affect the working with regard to timings and minimum wages and also the bargaining power that the laws provide to the workers in contrast to the employers. McDonald has maintained and adhered to the laws of Singapore very easily and efficiently. Environmental: the internal and external environment affects the working of an organisation. The environment includes the imposition of restrictions and regulations and also the subsidies that are provided to an industry by the government. The environmental factors are also the behaviour and habits of the customers and their preferences. McDonalds provide services and food based on the preferences of the people that its serving to. It is said to have a different menu for each and every country that it provided its services to, based upon the choices and preferences of the customers. It is termed as the best employer in Singapore (Today, 2016). PORTER`s Five forces analysis of McDonald Singapore Porters Five Force Analysis (Burke, Stel, Thurik, 2010) is a study of the external factors that influences the working of an organisation. These five forces vary in terms of the impact they create the variation ranges from being a strong force to being moderate and weak. They determine how much force a factor is creating in order to find out the shortcomings of an organisation. The five factors that affect the working of McDonald at Singapore are as follows (Gregory, 2015): Competitive rivalry or competition: This is a strong force that determines the competition that McDonalds has been facing in its fast food with other fast food chains around the globe and especially in Singapore. The competitive edge is dependent upon the number of other enterprises that come into the business, the competitiveness they create and the costs they incur on their flexibility to switch according to the demand and competition. McDonald has a very high competitiveness in these terms as it has all the qualities as listed above. McDonald is very furious when it comes to competition and changes and adapts according to the market demand. However, the switching capacity of McDonald is low and is unable to provide customers with low priced food, which makes people shift to other cheaper local fast food chains. Bargaining Power of McDonalds Customers/Buyers: this is again a strong force that relates to the buying capacity of the customers and the power that they have to do so at McDonald. This force deals with the demand that McDonald creates over the customers, depending upon the switching costs, number of customers, and the possibilities of alternative options available to the customers. As customers have various options available with regard to the fast food chains, therefore they can switch easily because of the prices and also as they can easily get bored and require change. Although McDonald keeps on adding and modifying its menu, yet people get bored by keep on eating the same stuff and hence they need change. Bargaining Power of McDonalds Suppliers: the third force is dependent upon the suppliers power of bargaining and its impact on the organisation. This is a weak force (Weak Force) as there are a large number of suppliers in the market and the amount of supply is huge. The suppliers do not have a nexus and lack distribution directly to McDonald, which highly affects its bargaining capacity in terms of suppliers and weakens its competitive edge. Although for McDonald, the raw material is easily accessible from anywhere and hence, the affect that the suppliers power has on McDonald is too weak in nature. Threat of Substitutes or Substitution: the development or growth of McDonald is dependent upon the substitutes that are available in the market, the more the substitutes, less shall be the growth and the fear of people switching to other substitutes always hang over McDonald, making this a very strong force under the Porters Analysis. (Strong Force). As there are a high number of substitutes in the market from which the customers can choose and opt depending upon their preferences and also the switching cost is nominal and very low as these substitutes provide same quality and variety at a similar cost. Therefore, this is a major factor and a threat to McDonalds growth in the market. Threat of New Entrants or New Entry: another force is the fear that new enterprises create. As with the increase in the tourism industry, the food and hospitality industry is also increasing day by day, therefore newbies are entering the market are creating a pressure on the existing companies in terms of competition. Although McDonald is an established name and it has its loyal customers therefore this force has a moderate affect on the working of McDonald. This force is also affected because it takes bare minimum capital to bring in a new establishment; however, it takes a lot of capital for establishments like McDonald to maintain its brand name. Strategic Recommendations In order to avoid the problems that McDonald face, due to the competition and the bargaining power of the customers the following recommendations are made: It must create its menus depending upon the cultural preferences of the people. So that local people are attracted towards the menus. It should create more loyalty programmes in order to make the customers loyal to it and thereby reducing the switching tendencies of the people in order to avoid people opting for the alternatives. Environment friendly techniques could also be used in its marketing and packaging systems which would help attract people and also increase its environmental protection initiative and thereby increase its market value. Healthy fast food concept could also be introduced in order to avoid the heath issues that are caused by fast foods by adding healthy ingredients to its existing menu as well as creating a different menu for health conscious people (Ibrahim, 2012). Conclusion McDonald is a world renowned fast food chain and is very much handy for people who have a fast life and cannot easily meet the needs of spending time and energy of food. The food chain also provides extremely pocket friendly food that adds on to its advantages along with being quick and handy. It has kept and maintained its quality all around and has developed through the time and the cultural setup of the place that it has its establishment. In Singapore McDonald is creating its customer loyalty by providing food according to their preferences and also by providing various schemes and discounts in order to grab the attention of the people. It has also catered in bringing up new idea of hosting parties at its dine in outlets and providing special offers and discounts along with other facilities for the parties. The PESTLE Analysis shows that McDonald is a highly preferred fast food outlet in Singapore due to its free economy and growth in the tourism business. McDonald has a great ad vertising and marketing strategy because of which it has created its large number of customers. The discounts and facilities that it provides for online services and free home delivery of its food that is delivered fresh and quickly has also made it easy for the people to become loyal to it. McDonald has now also been looking into the healthy perspective of food that it provides. It has started adding vegetables to the food and added salads to its menu to make its fast food look healthier to the people. But it needs to build its brand image in term of healthy food in front of the public through advertising. Singapore being a multi-cultural island, consisting of a mix of Chinese, Indians and other cultures, McDonald has kept its innovation in food up to the standards of the people and created a menu with a cultural mix that is preferred by all the cultures. It has created various facilities in order to attract the youth, and also children. It has created the facilities of party for children, Wi-Fi facilities, and discounts for students at some places and gifts and games at some outlets for children. The menu is designed in such a way and the setup it has displaying various toys that are given with meals for children. All that McDonald needs to add is to increase its chari ty line, in order to ensure its corporate responsibility, which would again increase its brand worth and also make its menu more health friendly, as people are becoming more health conscious in this fast world, where people have no time for exercising and indulging into health activities and they now look for it in the form of healthy food. Bibliography: Panakorn, G. Singapore Economic Model and Authoritarian Democracy: The Phenomenon of The 21st Century In South East Asia. Academia.edu Singapore Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption. (2016). Thompson, A., Gamble, J., Peteraf, M., Strickland, A. Crafting and executing strategy. Today,. (2016). Mcdonald's named best employer in singapore. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington,. (2016). Burke, A., Stel, A., Thurik, R. (2010). Blue Ocean vs. Five Forces. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 5 June 2016, Sipahi, S. (2010). 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